Study Reveals Impact of BOAS on Dogs' Respiratory Health

In a recent study published in Scientific Reports, researchers delved into the impact of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) on dogs. This syndrome, characterized by upper respiratory tract obstruction, has seen a surge in affected breeds due to their rising popularity among pet owners. The ethical concerns surrounding the welfare of these animals, particularly related to health issues, have prompted investigations into the consequences of BOAS.

Comparisons to human obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) have been drawn, linking the conditions’ pathogenesis and respiratory consequences. Studies in humans have shown a prevalence of interstitial lung diseases due to increased upper airway resistance affecting the lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma. However, the understanding of BOAS’s long-term effects on dogs’ respiratory systems remains limited.

Ultrasound imaging, including B-mode and elastography, has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing upper and lower respiratory tract lesions in both humans and animals. Elastography, a specialized ultrasound modality utilizing acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), measures tissue stiffness non-invasively and has shown promise in diagnosing various conditions. Despite its potential, the application of these techniques in identifying the consequences of OSA or BOAS in both humans and animals is still limited.

The study aimed to evaluate pleural B-mode ultrasound, pleural elastography, and laryngeal elastography to investigate the effects of BOAS on the cranial and caudal respiratory tracts in affected dogs. The researchers found that brachycephalic dogs clinically affected by BOAS exhibited increased pleural thickness, particularly in those classified as grade II and III. Additionally, there was a trend towards lower pleural stiffness in these dogs, indicating tissue-level alterations secondary to upper airway obstruction. However, no significant changes in arytenoid cartilage stiffness were detected using ARFI elastography.

The findings suggest that inspiratory effort in dogs with BOAS leads to secondary pleural changes detectable through ultrasound and elastography methods. While these techniques offer insights into pleural line thickness and rigidity, further research incorporating histological evaluations and larger, more diverse populations is needed to validate these findings and enhance our understanding of tissue-level changes in BOAS.